CentOS下rpm命令详解

查询

查询指定的包是否安装，比如tree

[vagrant@localhost ~]$ rpm -q tree
tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64

查询指定文件来自于那个安装包，以/bin/ls文件为例

[vagrant@localhost ~]$ rpm -qf /bin/ls
coreutils-8.22-15.el7.x86_64

查询包的更新信息

[vagrant@localhost ~]$ rpm -q --changelog tree
* Fri Jan 24 2014 Daniel Mach <dmach@redhat.com> - 1.6.0-10
- Mass rebuild 2014-01-24
* Fri Dec 27 2013 Daniel Mach <dmach@redhat.com> - 1.6.0-9
- Mass rebuild 2013-12-27
* Thu Jul 04 2013 Tim Waugh <twaugh@redhat.com> - 1.6.0-8
- Handle large UID/GID values (bug #980945).
....

查询包的元数据

[vagrant@localhost ~]$ rpm -qi tree
Name        : tree
Version     : 1.6.0
Release     : 10.el7
Architecture: x86_64
Install Date: Wed 07 Apr 2021 03:44:27 PM CST
Group       : Applications/File
Size        : 89505
License     : GPLv2+
Signature   : RSA/SHA256, Fri 04 Jul 2014 01:36:46 PM CST, Key ID 24c6a8a7f4a80eb5
Source RPM  : tree-1.6.0-10.el7.src.rpm
Build Date  : Tue 10 Jun 2014 03:28:53 AM CST
Build Host  : worker1.bsys.centos.org
Relocations : (not relocatable)
Packager    : CentOS BuildSystem <http://bugs.centos.org>
Vendor      : CentOS
URL         : http://mama.indstate.edu/users/ice/tree/
Summary     : File system tree viewer
Description :
The tree utility recursively displays the contents of directories in a
tree-like format.  Tree is basically a UNIX port of the DOS tree
utility.

查询包生成的所有文件

[vagrant@localhost ~]$ rpm -ql tree
/usr/bin/tree
/usr/share/doc/tree-1.6.0
/usr/share/doc/tree-1.6.0/LICENSE
/usr/share/doc/tree-1.6.0/README
/usr/share/man/man1/tree.1.gz

查询包相关文档

[vagrant@localhost ~]$ rpm -qd tree
/usr/share/doc/tree-1.6.0/LICENSE
/usr/share/doc/tree-1.6.0/README
/usr/share/man/man1/tree.1.gz

查询包配置文件

[vagrant@localhost ~]$ rpm -qc bash
/etc/skel/.bash_logout
/etc/skel/.bash_profile
/etc/skel/.bashrc

查询安装、卸载前后执行的脚本

[vagrant@localhost ~]$ rpm -q --scripts bash
postinstall scriptlet (using <lua>):
nl        = '\n'
sh        = '/bin/sh'..nl
bash      = '/bin/bash'..nl
f = io.open('/etc/shells', 'a+')
if f then
  local shells = nl..f:read('*all')..nl
  if not shells:find(nl..sh) then f:write(sh) end
  if not shells:find(nl..bash) then f:write(bash) end
  f:close()
end
postuninstall scriptlet (using <lua>):
-- Run it only if we are uninstalling
if arg[2] == "0"
then
  t={}
  for line in io.lines("/etc/shells")
  do
    if line ~= "/bin/bash" and line ~= "/bin/sh"
    then
      table.insert(t,line)
    end
  end
  f = io.open("/etc/shells", "w+")
  for n,line in pairs(t)
  do
    f:write(line.."\n")
  end
  f:close()
end

安装

安装rpm程序包

rpm -ivh gcc-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64.rpm

在安装过程不执行脚本

rpm -ivh --noscripts tree-1.5.3-3.el6.x86_64.rpm

覆盖、替换安装

rpm -ivh --replacepkgs tree-1.5.3-3.el6.x86_64.rpm

卸载

一般卸载

rpm -e gcc

不执行脚本卸载

rpm -e --noscripts tree

升级

rpm -Uvh tree-1.5.3-3.el6.x86_64.rpm

或者

rpm -Fvh tree-1.5.3-3.el6.x86_64.rpm

参数说明

CentOS下rpm命令详解